イスラーム初期の預言者ムハンマドとベドウィンの食事 : 10世紀アッバース朝宮廷社会はこれらをどのようにみなしたか

The purpose of this study is the following; first is to examine the diet of the Prophet Muhammad (d. A.D. 632) in the cities of Mecca and Madma and also to examine food of the Bedouins in the early Islamic times. Second is to investigate how people of the Abbasids court regarded them in the 10^<th> century. The typical food eaten by the Prophet and his companions written in the Hadith (narrative relating deeds and utterances of the Prophet) included barley bread, milk-products, dates and a few vegetables, and occasional cooked dishes. As for the Bedouins, they used slaughtered cattle in order to gain honor and to humiliate enemy tribes. About three hundreds years later in the Abbasids dynasty, not only the celebrated al-khassa but also common people al-'amma began to despise Bedouins as eaters of reptiles such as snakes and lizards. In the Abbasid court's cookery book edited by al-WarrSq (in 10^<th> century) introduces five dishes of the Muhammad's food. These five dishes are also introduced in the books on dietetics written by al-Razi (d. A.D. 925 (935)) pointing out the attributes and faults of each food from point of view of bodily and spiritual well-being; the broth with vegetable (maraq) and potage with some grain and peas (harira) were for patients who had a fever or jaundice or cough or other such aliments. Dried meat (qadid) was eaten as a hors d'oeuvre with wine as digestive. Soup with crumbled bread (tharid) became famous nutritious dishes with many kinds of meat. Refined parched wheat or barley (sawiq) was eaten not only a nutritious in the hot season but also for preventing epidemic. There are two major reasons why these five dishes were introduced. The first is that for Muslims to follow the Prophet Muhammad's life and to eat his food has been considered to live up to the Muslim ideal. The second reason is that the Islamic medical scholarly ideas on dietetics had already been appreciated in the court.