Present Distribution of Picea sect. Picea Farjon and Distribution Changes since the Last Glacial Age in Japan

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  • 日本のトウヒ属 バラモミ節樹木の現在の分布と最終氷期以後の分布変遷
  • ニホン ノ トウヒゾク バラモミセツ ジュモク ノ ゲンザイ ノ ブンプ ト

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The present distribution of Picea sect. Picea is limited in narrow areas in Honshu, although it was widely distributed during the Last Glacial Maximum Stage. To clarify distribution changes of Picea sect. Picea since the Last Glacial Age in Honshu, present distribution and cone morphology of four species, i.e., Picea alcoquiana, P. koyamai, P. maximowiczii and P. glehnii, were reviewed. Their present distribution in Honshu corresponds both with the Warmth Index of 41-45°C • month and the maximum snow depth less than 150cm. These species trend to occur on rocky sites where Tsuga diversifolia dominates and never coexist with either a montane dominant of Fagus crenata or subalpine dominants of Abies mariesii and A. veitchii. Climatic change and competition with F. crenata and Abies spp. confined the distribution of P. sect. Picea species since the Late Glacial Age. It is assumed that the P. sect. Picea had a common ancestor during the Last Glacial Maximum Stage. According to the isolation since the Last Glacial Maximum Stage, they differentiated in cone morphology resulting in the extant four different species.

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