国指定天然記念物生息地のニホンザリガニの大館市民における認知状況および分布南限生息地の現状と歴史

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タイトル別名
  • Natural history, present status of locality of southernmost distribution, and conservation situation of endangered freshwater crayfish Cambaroides japonicus (De Haan, 1841) in Odate City, Akita Prefecture, Japan
  • クニ シテイ テンネン キネンブツ セイソクチ ノ ニホンザリガニ ノ オオダテ シミン ニ オケル ニンチ ジョウキョウ オヨビ ブンプ ナンゲン セイソクチ ノ ゲンジョウ ト レキシ

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Known range of the Japanese endangered freshwater crayfish Cambaroides japonicus (De Haan, 1841) is limited to only the northern area of Japanese archipelago, Hokkaido, Aomori, Iwate and Akita Prefecture. One locality in southernmost distribution, Odate City, Akita Prefecture, was as natural monument under law by Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japanese Government in 1934. After the designation, citizen conservationists of Odate City, regional manager of the city and policy marker of Japanese Government collaborated on conservation of the locality. To ensure more active conservation in 2017, in Odate City, interviews, field sampling in all southernmost localities, and research of historical documents in national diet library were conducted to fully understand the degree of recognition in citizens of Odate City for C. japonicus as natural monument, their critical conservation situation, present situation in southernmost localities and history of utilization of C. japonicus by citizen of Odate City. It is clear from interviews that the younger generation has little recognition for C. japonicus rather than older generation. 　　　 Among four localities at southernmost distribution, C. japonicus was collected from two localities Mochida, Odate City and Osarizawa, Kazuno City in Akita Prefecture whereas there was no individual in Hayakuchi, Odate City and Funada, Ninohe City, Iwate Prefecture. Those results suggest that locality of Odate City became more rarity situation but the level of recognition as natural monument locality in citizens of Odate City is not higher. Research of historic documents showed that C. japonicus had been used as material of medicine and foods from 1750-1950. From those results, regional manager of Odate City, policy maker of Japanese Government, and conservationists of Odate City should develop their activities in this direction, making for a general increase in degree of recognition in the younger generation of citizens of Odate City. Because C.japonucus in southernmost distribution have a long history with human activity but their scarcity is increasing.

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  • 火内

    火内 13 (0), 1-9, 2017

    大館郷土博物館

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