Current status and issues of evacuation shelters and temporary housing among older adults and people with disabilities

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  • BANDO Michiko
    Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health

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Other Title
  • 避難所・応急仮設住宅の現状と課題
  • 避難所・応急仮設住宅の現状と課題 : 高齢者・障がい者への配慮や健康影響の視点から
  • ヒナンジョ ・ オウキュウ カセツ ジュウタク ノ ゲンジョウ ト カダイ : コウレイシャ ・ ショウガイシャ エ ノ ハイリョ ヤ ケンコウ エイキョウ ノ シテン カラ
  • 高齢者・障がい者への配慮や健康影響の視点から

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Abstract

<p>There are many deaths and health hazards that occur during evacuation apart from disaster-related deaths. Most of these deaths are among older adults and people with disabilities.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to assess trends in evacuation after the Great East Japan Earthquake and address future implications regarding the supply of evacuation shelters and emergency temporary housing for older adults and people with disabilities and health issues.</p><p>Data were obtained from the Cabinet Office, the Reconstruction Agency, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and research papers and materials published after the Great East Japan Earthquake, and analysed.</p><p>Owing to the magnitude of the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the difficulty in opening evacuation shelters and temporary housing in tsunami-damaged areas, various ingenious evacuation shelters and temporary housing systems were installed and operated. For example, rental type emergency temporary housing was introduced. However, the Disaster Relief Act had to deal with other issues such as “refugee at home”that it had not envisioned.</p><p>The situation has gradually improved because of increased research on evacuation shelters and emergency temporary housing, and the system reforms based on them. However, the physical environment issues, such as barrier-free of evacuation shelters and emergency temporary housing have not yet been resolved. In addition, problems with the indoor environment, such as dew condensation, mould, and mites, continue to remain.</p><p>As the Japanese population continues to age, improving the environment for evacuation shelters and temporary housing for older adults and people with disabilities is an issue that should be addressed immediately to prevent disaster-related deaths and any subsequent health hazards.</p>

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