Velocity and angle of blowing snow particles in the direction perpendicular to the wind over a hard snow surface using a low-temperature wind tunnel

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  • SUGIURA Konosuke
    University of Toyama, International Arctic Research Center/ University of Alaska Fairbanks,
  • OOI Seiya
    University of Toyama,
  • NEMOTO Masaki
    Shinjo Cryospheric Environment Laboratory/ Snow and Ice Research Center/ National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience,
  • KOSUGI Kenji
    Shinjo Cryospheric Environment Laboratory/ Snow and Ice Research Center/ National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience,

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Other Title
  • 低温風洞装置を用いた硬雪時の水平面風向直交方向への吹雪粒子の速度と角度
  • テイオン フウドウ ソウチ オ モチイタ コウセツジ ノ スイヘイメン フウコウ チョッコウ ホウコウ エ ノ フブキ リュウシ ノ ソクド ト カクド

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As the wind becomes strong, snow particles repeat an impact/rebound/ejection on the snow surface, and blowing snow develops three-dimensionally. In this study, we investigate how blowing snow develops horizontally perpendicular to the wind direction during the splash process on a hard snow surface using a low-temperature wind tunnel. The obtained results showed that as the wind velocity increased from 6.0ms−1 to 8.0ms−1, the horizontal impact velocity increased, and the impact angle approached the wind direction due to the air resistance acting on the snow particles. The mean horizontal plane rebound velocity was 0.66 times that of the impact velocity. The ratio of the horizontal plane rebound velocity to the horizontal plane impact velocity of individual snow particles was widely distributed, ranging approximately from 0.2 to 1. Besides, large rebound snow particles were experimentally observed in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane wind direction, which had not been captured by previous observations from a vertical cross-section. The distribution of the horizontal plane rebound angle was explained by the geometric relationship of the collision. These snow particles are responsible for development horizontally perpendicular to the wind direction. In addition, as the wind velocity increased, the percentage of the blowing snow mass flux in the vertical and perpendicular directions to the wind changed slightly. The development in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction may have been weaker because the number of collisions with the snow surface decreased as the wind speed increased.

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