中国鏡は，弥生時代中期後半から古墳時代前期前半を通じて，継続して日本列島に流入した舶載文物である。北部九州を中心とした弥生時代の鏡分配システムから，近畿地方を中心とした古墳時代の鏡分配システムへの転換は，汎日本列島規模の政体が出現した古墳時代社会の成立過程を考える上で重要な視点を提供する。日本列島内における中国鏡の分配システムの変革という視点で評価を試みた。北部九州を中心とする分配システムは，集積と形態という二つの指標から検討した。集積副葬は漢鏡3期鏡が流入する段階から漢鏡5期鏡が流入する段階，すなわち弥生時代中期後半から後期後半まで継続しており，配布主体と想定できる集積副葬墓が実在するこの期間を通じて分配システムは機能したと論じた。なお，漢鏡3期鏡の序列の継続性を検討すべく，各段階の鏡の形態を検討した結果，早くも後期初頭の漢鏡4期鏡が流入する段階に，流入鏡に大きな変化が生じたことを指摘した。ここを起点に，弥生時代中期後半から後期後半までの期間に日本列島に流入した鏡を中国世界の視点で評価した。この期間における漢鏡の流入は安定性を以て形容されることが多いが，紀元前1世紀後葉に停滞期が介在するなど，決して一様ではないことを指摘したのである。近畿地方を中心とする分配システムについては，その成立時期をめぐる議論を整理し，各地域社会における漢鏡6・7期鏡の保有状況を比較検討することが一つの視座を提供するがあることを主張し，瀬戸内海沿岸・日本海沿岸・近畿地方・近畿地方以東に分けて各地域社会の様相を整理した。その結果，漢鏡6・7期鏡が流入する段階には，瀬戸内海沿岸地域の優位性を保ちつつ，北部九州から関東地方に至るネットワークが存在していたことを指摘した。そこに，卓越した配布主体は見出しにくく，後に卑弥呼を「共立」させる状況にも通ずる，「分有」された状況を想定したのである。漢鏡6・7期鏡が流入する段階は，北部九州で分配システムが終焉を迎え，瀬戸内海ネットワークを中心に汎日本列島規模の紐帯が形成された。2世紀の庄内式期に生じた分配システムの変革を，列島内交易ルートの変質とも関連した一つの画期であることを改めて指摘した。

Chinese mirrors are cultural objects that were continuously shipped to the Japanese Islands from the latter half of the Mid-Yayoi period through the first half of the Early Kofun period. The transition from the mirror distribution system centered on northern Kyushu in the Yayoi period to the one centered on the Kinki region in the Kofun period provides a significant viewpoint for investigating the process to establish society in the Kofun period, when a government system covering the whole Japanese Islands appeared. This paper evaluates changes in the distribution system of Chinese mirrors in the Japanese Islands.This article analyzes the distribution system centered on northern Kyushu based on two indicators: accumulation and form. Mass graves with burial goods continued to be built from the time of the inflow of third-generation Han mirrors to the time of the inflow of fifth-generation Han mirrors, namely from the latter half of the Mid-Yayoi period to the latter half of the Late-Yayoi period. The article argues that throughout those periods, when there were mass graves with burial goods that can be considered as distribution centers, the distribution system had worked. Moreover, the paper investigates the form of mirrors phase by phase to confirm the sequence of third-generation Han mirrors. The result discovers that in the beginning of the Late-Yayoi period, when fourth-generation Han mirrors were shipped to Japan, the form of imported mirrors changed significantly. The article uses this event as a foothold to examine, from the viewpoint of the Chinese world, the mirrors imported to the Japanese Islands from the latter half of the Mid-Yayoi period to the latter half of the Late-Yayoi period. The influx of Han mirrors at that time is often described as stable. The article, however, points out that it was not delivered coherently, citing the stagnation in the late first century B.C. as an example.With regard to the distribution system centered on the Kinki region, the paper reviews arguments about when it was established, suggests that a comparative study of the allocation of sixth- and seventhgeneration Han mirrors among communities can provide a perspective, and analyzes respective communities after classifying the area into four communities: the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Japan Sea coast, the Kinki region, and east of the Kinki region. The analysis result reveals that during the influx of sixth- and seventh-generation Han mirrors, a network was expanding from northern Kyushu throughout the Kanto region, centered on the Seto Inland Sea coast. Since prominent distributers is unlikely to have existed there, this study indicates that there was a situation of “divided possession” that also later led to the “coexistence” of Queen Himiko.During the inflow of sixth- and seventh-generation Han mirrors, the distribution system in northern Kyushu ended while a wide connection throughout the Japanese Islands was established centered on the Seto Inland Sea network. This study reconfirms that the change of the distribution system that had been established in the date of Shonai-type pottery, in the second century, marked a milestone that was also related to changes in trade routes in the Japanese Islands.

source:https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun8/index.html#no185