Exception and Order : Carl Schmitt on ‘Political Theology’ and ‘the Political’

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  • 例外と秩序 : カール・シュミットにおける「政治神学」と「政治的なもの」
  • レイガイ ト チツジョ : カール ・ シュミット ニ オケル 「 セイジ シンガク 」 ト 「 セイジテキ ナ モノ 」

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This paper discusses concepts of ‘political theology’ and ‘the political’ of Carl Schmitt. Schmitt was a conservative German legal, constitutional, and political theorist. Schmitt is often considered to be one of the most important critics of liberalism. But the significance of Schmitt’s political concepts is subject to controversy, mainly due to his intellectual support for The Third Reich. In particular, ‘the political’ seems to approve the war and confrontation. But this paper argues that political theory and concepts of ‘political theology’ and ‘the political’ of Schmitt make an important contribution in modern democracy and political philosophy. The contents of this paper are as follows. First, in section 1, I will reconstruct the discussion of ‘state of exception’, ‘decision’ and ‘sovereign’ in Political Theology. Schmitt argues that the essence of a law will become apparent in its state of exception. I think Schmitt’s idea was influenced by Thomas Hobbes and Juan Donoso Cortés. Next, in section 2, I discuss ‘the political’ in The Concept of the Political. Schmitt regarded ‘the political’ as ‘friend-enemy distinction’. I take it that ‘the political’ or ‘friend-enemy distinction’ is limited to Just War. In section 3, I discuss that Schmidt criticized liberalism. Finally, I will clarify the relationship between the order and the state on Schmitt’s theory.

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