Formation of Liquid Fountains in a Kundt's Tube

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  • クント管内での噴水の形成
  • クント カンナイ デ ノ フンスイ ノ ケイセイ

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Abstract

When a one-dimensional standing sound wave is excited in a rectangular Kundt's tube that the liquid partially fills, general circulations of the air are induced between adjacent nodes and antinodes, and the surface of the liquid is deformed depending on the pressure distribution. If the intensity of the sound is exceeded a certain threshold, the liquid surface ruptures and fountains occur at the antinodes. In this work, an experimental study has been made of the mechanism of the formation of the liquid fountain in a Kundt's tube. When the intensity of the sound is increased, a small distortion of the liquid is produced on the surface. The pressure at the top of a distortion or a liquid boss becomes smaller than that at the sides in an oscillating flow. The distortion or the boss is more sharpened with increase of the intensity of the sound. As a result, at a certain threshold value of the sound, the liquid surface would rupture suddenly and the fountains occur.

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