Vocabulary: Describing the College Entrance Gap in Japan

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This study sought to determine the vocabulary gap for domestic Japanese learners of English prior to college entrance. Teacher-researchers analyzed the 1K and 2K lists from the General Service List (GSL) (West, 1953) and created two separate sets of Yes/No tests for these respective lists. The 2K list was divided randomly into nine Yes/No tests of approximately 110 items each, and each test was given to different groups of approximately 37 pre-intermediate English learners (total N=334) at a medium-sized Japanese university in the fall of 2013. The 1K list was similarly divided into eight Yes/No tests and given to the same-sized groups (total N=298) in the fall of 2014. Test-takers claimed to know about 47% of the 2K list and 72% of the 1K list items after correcting for false alarm rates of 8 and 9% respectively. The results support Browne’s (1998) claim that high school English curricula do not develop adequate depth of knowledge of the most frequent English vocabulary among high school English learners in Japan. This has led to creating a list of the “Forgotten 400” unfamiliar 1K and 2K words, which is provided along with the item facilities (IF) for each of these words.

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