Social Development and International Health ＆ Population in Central Asia : Prevalence Rates of HIV/AIDS and of Smoking as Human Development Index (HDI) Issues in the Region

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  • Otani Junko
    Associate Professor, Faculty ofLanguages and Cultures, Kyushu University

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  • 中央アジア諸国の社会開発と国際保健・人口学 : 人間開発指標（HDI）としてのHIV感染率および喫煙率
  • チュウオウ アジア ショコク ノ シャカイ カイハツ ト コクサイ ホケン ジンコウガク ニンゲン カイハツ シヒョウ HDI ト シテノ HIV カンセンリツ オヨビ キツエンリツ

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Abstract

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), five republics in Central Asia became independent: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Since then, each country is evolving on its own direction. While these five countries share similar historical background in the social security and social service system as well as related issues rising during the transition, Kazakhstan is boosting its economy thanks to the rich natural resources. The gaps and differences among the five countries are widening while they share common global issues such as environment, HIV/AIDS, and narcotic drug that they need to confront in collaboration. This article reviews the current status of social development in Central Asian countries by making a comparison across countries in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) as well as Human Development Index(HDI), and then taking up the abusive substance-triggered problems of HIV/AIDS epidemic and 'Prevalence of Smoking' from the two above indicators, further discussion is attempted. Among the MDG, "Universal primary education"(MDG2) has already been achieved yet UN suggest that the quality of education has to be improved. This article concludes with policy recommendation in ensuring the health education to be included in the basic education, especially in the Central Asian countries, as vulnerable in the above problems, in order to protect Human Security for the people in Central Asia.

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