Comparison of Usefulness between Water Exercise and Gymnastic Exercise, Jikyojyutsu, in Maintaining Physical Ability for the Elderly

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  • 高齢者の体力維持に果たす水中運動と陸上運動 : （自彊術）の有用性の比較
  • コウレイシャ ノ タイリョク イジ ニ ハタス スイチュウ ウンドウ ト リクジョウ ウンドウ ジキョウジュツ ノ ユウヨウセイ ノ ヒカク

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare physical ability and physical characteristics of elderly women between water exercise and gymnastic one. For 1 year, we examined 31 elderly women whose average age was 60. A water exercise group included 21 elderly women and a Jikyojutsu gymnastic group consisted of 10 elderly women. As for physical characteristics, the average height of the gymnastic exercise group was slightly higher than that of the water exercise group. After 1 year, the mean percentage of fat mass was reduced in the gymnastic exercise group without change of weight. This indicated that muscle mass increased by the gymnastic exercise for 1 year. Other physical characteristics showed no significant change. The average estimated maximal oxygen uptake increased in the gymnastic exercise more than in the water exercise. Sitting trunk flexion was already superior in the gymnastic exercise at the start of the study. However, it decreased in both groups after 1 year. Abdominal muscles were strengthened by the water exercise. Other physical fitness such as 10-minute walking with or without obstacle and balancing on one foot were maintained after 1 year. Exercise in the water could be more easily performed by elder people and people with overweight problems. The results of this study suggested that water exercise could be more beneficial by adding flexibility exercises in the gymnastic exercise, and could maintain and promote physical fitness of elder people.

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