Variations of Seed Number and Embryo Development in Japanese Plum Cultivars and Their Relation to Enlargement of Fruits

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  • Wakana Akira
    Division of Agricultural Ecology, Department of Plant Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Hanada Nobuaki
    University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Fukudome Isao
    University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Kajiwara Kohei
    University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Nakagawa Yukio
    University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Torikai Yoshihide
    University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

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Other Title
  • ニホンスモモにおける種子数と胚の発育程度の品種間差及びそれらと果実肥大の関係
  • ニホンスモモ ニ オケル シュシスウ ト ハイ ノ ハツイク テイド ノ ヒンシュ カンサ オヨビ ソレラ ト カジツ ヒダイ ノ カンケイ

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Abstract

Investigation on the difference of seed development and its relation to fruit enlargement were carried out with Japanese plum (P. salicina) cultivars and its intercontinental interspecific hybrid cultivars. in 11 of 18 cultivars used, one seed was produced in one fruit. The rate of fruit with two seeds was the highest in 'Nishida' (1.13seed per fruit). The percentage of perfect seeds was more than 75% for nine cultivars, 75-50% for one, 50-25% for two and less than 25% for nine. The percentages of empty seeds in these cultivars were the reverse inclination to that of perfect seeds. The rates of perfect seeds in Japanese plum cultivars ranged from 4 to 86% and were low in most of the cultivars, whereas those in seven intercontinental hybrid cultivars with Americana plum (P. americana) in their pedigree ranged from 7 to 96% and were high in most of the cultivars. Furthermore, most of the intercontinental hybrid cultivars showed higher germination rates than the other cultivars. 'White Plum', a possible hybrid cultivar from P. salicina × P. simonii, showed high percentage of perfect seeds (90%). Although 'Ocelot', a possible P. cerasifera cultivar, showed the highest percentage of perfect seeds, 'Mesley' and 'Hollywood' that are hybrid cultivars from P. salicina × P. cerasifera showed the lowest rate of perfect seeds (0%) and the highest rate of empty seeds (65% and 93%, respectively). In almost all cultivars, there was no significant difference in fruit weight between fruits with perfect seeds and those with imperfect seeds, whereas there were small difference in fruits weight between fruits with perfect or imperfect seeds and those with empty seeds. These compatibility and incongruity observed in the intercontinental and interspecific hybrid cultivars of Japanese plum resembled those in intercontinental and interspecific hybrid cultivars between Vitis species that speciated in Europe (Caucasus), North America and East Asia as plum did. The result of this study suggested that the treatment to enhance embryo growth and development is required when hybrid seedlings are produced with cultivars forming empty seeds with very high frequencies.

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