A Study on the Development of Mixed Husbandry from Viewpoint of History of Farm Management in England (2)

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  • Sato Toshio
    Seminar of Farm Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

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  • イギリスにおける混合農業の展開に関する経営史的研究 (2)
  • イギリス ニ オケル コンゴウ ノウギョウ ノ テンカイ ニ カンスル ケイエ

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Abstract

In Study (II), author tries to point out the economic and technical factors that Norfolk Husbandry, that has certain peculiarity and regional limitation at Agricultural Revolution Period extends to the whole of England and gives rise to higher productivity under the Period of High Farming. The literatures used here are "British Farming" written by Wilson and country reports of agriculture in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. The conclusion gained is the followings: that is; With the rises of corn- and livestock-prices and improvement of a means of communication such as the extention of railway under the economic prosperity at Victorian Era, in arable enterprise, drill-husbandry that consists of deep-plough, drill-plough and hoe-plough degelops, more fertilization is fostered by uses of purchased fertilizer and good, more dung, and land improvements by which it improves heavy soil and marsh lands are brought. As the result, alternative system of corn crops and fodder crops is general, and its crop very increases. The other hand, in livestock enterprise, with introduction of superior breeds of cattle and sheep such as Shorthorn, Hereford, Improved Leicester and Southdown and so on, -as for the process of improving breeds of livestock, as the supplementary section of this chapter, author examines the process of improving Jersey cattle that is one of Channel Island Breeds, as a case-, the improvement and evolution of the feeding methods of livestock that contains the advance of stall-feeding, more uses of turnip, grasses and purchased feed, and establishment of machines (of steam-engine) and implements of cooking those feed, is brought, consequently, livestok is increased both in quantity and quality. In short, under the Period of High Farming, Norfolk Husbandry at Agricultural Revolution Period can extend to the whole of England and realise higher productivity under the following economic and technical factors: that is; (i) the development of drill husbandry, and the progresses of more fertilization and land improvements, (ii) introduction of livestocks of superior breed, and the improvement and evolution of the feeding methods of livestock, and (iii) improvement of the price condition of corn and livestock and the development of means of communication which aspire those technical progress.

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