敍述形式からみた太公書「六韜」の成立について

Liu T'ao 六韜 has been considered to have its origin in T'ai-kung 太公 recorded in Han-shu 漢書 "Yi-wên chih" 藝文志. From the viewpoint of the narrative mode, almost all of the current Liu T'ao texts have been written in the form of dialogues between T'ai-kung Wang 太公望 and the King of Chou 周. Additionally, a number of stories about T'ai kung Wang appeared in its parts that no longer exist. Thus, in this respect, Liu T'ao can also be regarded as a "book on T'ai-kung Wang." This feature offers a key to understanding about its compilation. Besides Liu T'ao, there are nine books attributed to T'ai kung Wang in Sui-shu 隋書 "Ching-chi chih" 經籍志. Though almost all of them have been lost, some fragments are available in encyclopedias (類書) and so on. While comparing these fragments, we find that several sentences, particularly in compilations until the Six Dynasties Period, bear some resemblance to Liu T'ao. This suggests that a recomposition of books on T'ai-kung Wang was undertaken during the Six Dynasties Period; many books on T'ai-kung Wang were compiled by this effort. Afterwards they were continued mixed each other. This recomposition and mixture continued until the end of the T'ang dynasty. To understand the state of affairs before Han-shu, we must investigate Yi-Chou-shu 逸周書. Yi-Chou-shu is composed of dialogues and tales of Kings and vassals in the Chou dynasty. As YANAKA Shin-ichi 谷中信一 has pointed out, it contains a number of phrases similar to those used in Liu T'ao. However, this similarity is almost limited to "Wen T'ao" 文韜 and "Wu T'ao" 武韜, and, in regard to the frequency of appearance of T'ai-kung Wang, they are strikingly different. In the pre-Ch'in period, a group of texts about the Chou dynasty existed, which Prof. YANAKA named the "Proto-Chou-shu, " Parts of Liu T'ao and Yi-chou-shu were included in it. It seems that in the Former Han almost all of the texts on T'ai-kung Wang were removed from the "Proto-Chou-shu, " and became the T'ai-kung recorded in Han-shu. There are two remarkable styles in Liu T'ao: the story as a preface and the "briefing dialogue. " First, "Wên-shih p'ien" 文師篇(the first chapter of Liu T'ao) is the only example of a narrative in the current book of Liu T'ao. Since it describes the first encounter of Wên Wang 文王 and T'ai-kung Wang, we can regard it as a kind of preface. Such a type of story also has appeared in other pre-Ch'in military books, Wu-tzŭ 呉子, Yü-liao-tzŭ 尉繚子, Ts'ao-mo chih chên 曹沫之陳, and Sun-tzŭ's 孫子 lost parts in the Yin-ch'üeh Shan 銀雀山 bamboo slips. Second, many dialogues in "Hu T'ao" 虎韜 and "Pao T'ao" 豹韜 have a characteristic form, as follows: the King of Chou, after having explained some tactical situation, asks for advice, and T'ai-kung Wang offers a concrete strategy. We refer to such a dialogue as a "briefing dialogue." Although this type of dialogue also has been used in Wu-tzŭ, Sun-pin Ping-fa 孫臏兵法, and Mo-tzŭ 墨子, it is rarely seen in other parts of Liu T'ao, including its lost parts. Thus, we believe that the "briefing dialogue" has a different origin than the other parts of Liu T'ao.