<Article>The Farm Management and the Social Structure in North China in the C'ing 清 Dynasty

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  • <論説>清代華北の農業経営と社会構造
  • 清代華北の農業経営と社会構造
  • シンダイ カホク ノ ノウギョウ ケイエイ ト シャカイ コウゾウ

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This article analyses the farm management in North China in the C'ing Dynasty as a part of my attempt to examine what stage the mode of production of a small-scale operation had reached before the influence of opening the ports to foreign trade became serious. The predominant management, which was at that time mentioned in the books about agricultural operation, was there relatively large-scale one. It had two technical features. One was the deeper tillage by increasing cattle for truction. The other was the improvement of the method for maintaining the fertility of soil; it provided manure by raising livestock and cultivating feed. The rural community consisted of a small number of large-scale managements and small-scale estates, from which the former was supplied with labor. Another feature was that, in the face of a system of new intensive techniques brought about by the beginning of the commercial agriculture, these large-scale managements started to collapse first in the areas, such as Shantung 山東 and Honan 河南, where three crops were raised by two years. The indirect management or sharecropping, a rough form of landlordism, was just going to spread.

Journal

  • 史林

    史林 64 (4), 528-555, 1981-07-01

    THE SHIGAKU KENKYUKAI (The Society of Historical Research), Kyoto University

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