Settlement of the Turkish nomadic people has contributed to Turkization and Islamization of Anatolia, with comprises the main portion of Republic of Turkey. Many studies have been conducted based upon an enormous quantity of financial documents and tax ledgers from various periods of the Ottoman Empire. However, most of those studies tend to elucidate individual bits of information, such as the names of tribes or clans and where they settled or enumerate the population of each tribe and the tax assessment paid by nomadic people. As a result the settlement of nomadic people and changes of their lifestyle from nomadism to farming tend to be simply linked with changes of population and the tax rate in historical records. Consequently, research that places special emphasis on settlement and development of farming has failed to be sufficiently carried out. In this paper I therefore try to show the reason why nomadic people settled during the 16th century in the district of Bozok sancagi, which is located in the southern part of Rum vilayeti, the central area of Anatolia. As many tribes followed the traditional nomadic lifestyle in Bozok sancagi, there were no villages in Bozok sancagi until the first half of the 16th century. However, settlement of nomadic people rapidly developed after the middle of the century and many villages were subsequently created. However, the reason why this phenomenon occurred at this time remains unexplained. My purpose in writing this paper is thus to explore the reason why such settlement happened in Bozok sancagi during the 16th century by using historical records such as tapu tahrir defteri, Ottoman tax ledgers, and kanuname, the Ottoman compendium of secular law. First, I note that after the conquest of Bozok sancagi, the Ottoman government registered local inhabitants in tax ledgers according to tribal unit and viewed them as "nomadic people." Accordingly, the taxation systems that were suited to nomadic people were applied in Bozok sancagi. However, the assessed value of the crop tax, osur, already occupied nearly half of the total tax on the nomads. Inhabitants of Bozok sancagi were "nomadic people" in the eyes of the Ottoman government in spite of the fact that those nomadic people were already engaged in farming. Second, I point out that the written format of Ottoman tax ledgers was changed to suit a tax system that was suitable for farmers, not nomads in the middle of the 16th century. For example, the Ottoman government came to classify the inhabitants of Bozok sancagi by village, hot tribal group. Furthermore, number of taxable items and amount of taxes suitable to farmers were increased. In addition, the names of many tribes that had been written in older tax ledgers disappeared from the records. As a result the Ottoman government came to see the local inhabitants as "farmers." Accordingly, taxes on crop and cultivated lands occupied the majority of the tax assessment. In short, the changes in the taxation system contributed to birth of "famers" in Bozok sancagi. Third, as mentioned above, I found the number of villages in Bozok sancagi increased rapidly, even explosively, in the middle of 16th century. This increase was caused by the change in the format of Ottoman tax ledgers and was related to the change in the government's view of inhabitants in Bozok sancagi. However, this phenomenon was not caused by the change in the government's view alone, farming also actually took place in villages that developed out of the mezraa, seasonally arable fields cultivated chiefly by nomadic people. In conclusion, the reason nomadic people rapidly settled down in Bozok sancagi during the 16th century, as has been pointed out in many studies, is that the Ottoman government came to view the inhabitants of Bozok sancagi as "farmers, " not "nomadic people." Thus they began to apply taxation systems suitable for farmers to the inhabitants in Bozok sancagi. Consequently, the "settlement" of nomadic people a