3.11以後の「専門性」に関する一考察:アンソニー・ギデンズとマルティン・ハイデガーを参照して

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  • 3.11 イゴ ノ 「 センモンセイ 」 ニ カンスル イチ コウサツ : アンソニー ・ ギデンズ ト マルティン ・ ハイデガー オ サンショウ シテ

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The March 11 earthquake and tsunami and the corresponding nuclear accident, which hit the northeastern Japan, led the whole nation to question the privileged place of science and technology in the constitution of ‘modern’ civilization. What is at stake, however, is the incoherence and divergence of the discourses of experts in the face of the scale and effects of the disaster. There is no consensus, given the uncertainty of the situation. What is the role of the humanities and the social sciences in such a situation? This paper examines this question, drawing upon the works of Anthony Giddens and Martin Heidegger.First, the paper draws on Giddens and argues that the expert system is a distinct characteristic of modern society. As long as the expert system functions without problem, it is hard to question the premise of the established system. However, once a disaster undermines the normalcy of society and the establishedsystem of knowledge lapses into a state of uncertainty, experts become unable to make a reasonable judgment and a correct decision upon that new circumstance.Second, the paper focuses on the distinction between sciences and philosophy, which Heidegger introduced in his Being and Time. Heidegger states that sciences are conceived of as ‘regional’ theories because they work in the given, limited, themes and areas of study. As Heidegger states, “the objects of scientific knowledge present themselves as ‘self-evident,’ which require no further justification and which therefore can serve as a point of departure for a processof deduction.” In contrast, philosophy can be called fundamental ontology. It questions the very foundations on which the objects of scientific knowledge rely.Through these reflections, the paper argues that researchers in the humanities and the social sciences must participate in the critical situation like post-March 11 Japan, in order to question the foundational principles of social ordering that the sciences cannot answer on their own. Furthermore, the paper argues that they need to tackle the question of how the experts can become self-critical in a time of crisis.

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