ヒュームのシンパシー論 ―人間的自然の原理としての―

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  • Humeʼs Theory of Sympathy as a Principle of Human Nature
  • ヒューム ノ シンパシーロン ニンゲンテキ シゼン ノ ゲンリ ト シテ ノ

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This paper attempts to elucidate the significance of Humeʼs theory of passion, in particular his accounts of indirect passion and of sympathy. First, I set out the theoretical role the theory of passion plays in the whole scheme of Humeʼs Treatise. I claim that the theory of indirect passion explains how some physical objects become brought within the sphere of social valuation. Physical objects and human actions are incorporated into social relationships by causing the sentiments of pride or humility, thus producing the social perception of the self. The social perception of objects leads to the notion of possession, and develops into justice as the system of property. Humeʼs theory of indirect passion culminates in the theory of sympathy. I indicate that there is a parallelism between Humeʼs theory of “abstract ideas” and that of sympathy as the general recognition of the particular. Sympathy enables people to act on behalf of others, and thus serves as the fundamental principle of social cooperation. In this way, Humeʼs theory of passion is a significant departure from social contract theory, explaining the natural formation of sociability in a way that is logically prior to the formation of political authority.

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