Flower Colors and Pigments in the 4 Cultivars of Wallflower（Erysimum ×cheiri） and 15 Yellow Cultivars of Stock （Matthiola incana）

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  • ウォールフラワー４品種および黄色系ストック15品種の花色と花色素に関する研究
  • ウォールフラワー 4 ヒンシュ オヨビ キイロケイ ストック 15 ヒンシュ ノ ハナイロ ト ハナイロソ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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Abstract

The relationship between the flower colors and pigments（flavonoids and carotenoids）composition of petals was investigated in cultivars of wallflower（Erysimum × cheiri ）and yellow stock（Matthiola incana ）. Three flavonols, quercetin 3-O -β-glucopyranoside-7-O -α-rhamnopyranoside， quercetin 3-O -α-arabinopyranoside-7-O -α-rhamnopyranoside，and isorhamnetin 3-O –β -glucopyranoside-7-O -α-rhamnopyranoside, which have not yet been reported in the flowers of E . × cheiri , were identified as major flavonols with known anthocyanins［ cyanidin 3-O［- 2-O - （β-xylopyranosyl）-６-O（- trans -p -coumaroyl）-β-glucopyranoside］-５-O（- β-glucopyranoside）and cyanidin 3-O［- 2-O（- β-xylopyranosyl）-６-O（- cis -p -coumaroyl）-β-glucopyranoside］-５-O（- β-glucopyranoside） ］ reported from the flowers of E . × cheiri ‘Vega Rose Red’. Moreover, lutein was identified as the major carotenoid in the cultivars of E . ×c heiri . In the yellow flower cultivars of stock, kaempferol 3-O（- 2-O -α-rhamnopyranosyl）-β-glucopyranoside-7-O -α-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O（- 2-O -α-rhamnopyranosyl）-β-arabinopyranoside-7-O -α-rhamnopyranoside, which have been identified as major flavonoids in ９ flower color cultivars of M. incana vintage series. Furthermore, lutein was identified as the major carotenoid in the 15 yellow cultivars of M. incana , as the same case with E . × cheiri .　The flower color of the E . × cheiri Vega series was revealed in rose red, scarlet, cream yellow, and yellow due to the change in the quantitative relationship between anthocyanins and carotenoids. In 15 yellow flower cultivars（actually pale yellow）of M. incana , lutein was included as the major carotenoid in the same case with E . × cheiri Vega series, but including about １/５ to ２/５ amount against the E . × cheiri ‘Vega Cream Yellow’ which has the minimum amounts of carotenoids in the E . × cheiri Vega series. In the future, it would be better to aim for the amplification of lutein for breeding deep yellow varieties of M . incana .

Journal

  • Artes Liberales

    Artes Liberales 109 125-136, 2021-12-24

    岩手大学人文社会科学部

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