摩擦音を音源とする人工喉頭について ―北宋の“顙叫子”挿話に示唆を得て―

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タイトル別名
  • On Friction Noise Sourced Artificial Larynx ?Suggested by the Episode of a Speaking Device of North Song China?
  • マサツオン オ オト ゲン ト スル ジンコウ コウトウ ニ ツイテ : ホクソウ ノ"ソウキョウコ"ソウワ ニ シサ オ エテ

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説明

In this paper, we propose for laryngectomees a new kind of an artificial larynx, whose source noises are not periodic pulses but random noise. This idea is motivated by a mouth-resonating instrument referred to in a Chinese literature of the North Song period, Mukei Hitudan 夢渓筆談. The speech generation mechanism by this instrument is very simple. When, with the instrument applied to the mouth of the performer, the user conducts pantomimed articulations under sustained glottal stop activity, while making noises from it, the friction noises from the mouth instrument will be instantaneously and momentarily transformed into speech sounds. We designed a speaking system composed of a model larynx with a friction noise generator inside, and a VOCODER attached to it. The speech generation by a laryngectomee using this system proceeds in the following way. In the first step, the user makes friction noises from the artificial larynx being propagated in the mouth cavity, while conducting simultaneous articulations, and then out of the mouth is momentarily produced a kind of whispered speech or random noise-sourced speech. In the second step, the random noise-sourced speech is applied to the VOCODER, through which it is by now reshaped in the respects of its spectral envelope into speech sounds with voiced-voiceless distinction. The paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the problems inherent in three kinds of speech aid methods, Tapia’s artificial larynx, an electric buzzer, and an oesophageal phonation. The second chapter deals with interrelations between whispered speech, laryngectomee’s speech and jews-harp speech, from which is introduced the idea of a random noise-sourced artificial larynx attached to a VOCODER. The third chapter contains experimental results which are intended to exemplify its voiced-voiceless distinguishing capability.

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