Molecular physiology regulating cold tolerance and acclimation of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

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  • OKAHATA Misaki
    Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University
  • MOTOMURA Haruka
    Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University
  • OHTA Akane
    Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University
  • KUHARA Atsushi
    Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University PRIME, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

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  • Molecular physiology regulating cold tolerance and acclimation of Caenorhabditis elegans

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<p>Many organisms can survive and proliferate in changing environmental temperatures. Here, we introduce a molecular physiological mechanism for cold tolerance and acclimation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans on the basis of previous reports and a new result. Three types of thermosensory neurons located in the head, ASJ, ASG, and ADL, regulate cold tolerance and acclimation. In ASJ, components of the light-signaling pathway are involved in thermosensation. In ASG, mechanoreceptor DEG-1 acts as thermoreceptor. In ADL, transient receptor potential channels are thermoreceptors; however, the presence of an additional unidentified thermoreceptor is also speculated. ADL thermoresponsivity is modulated by oxygen sensory signaling from URX oxygen sensory neurons via hub interneurons. ASJ releases insulin and steroid hormones that are received by the intestine, which results in lipid composition changing with cold tolerance. Additionally, the intestinal transcriptional alteration affects sperm functions, which in turn affects the thermosensitivity of ASJ; thus, the neuron–intestine–sperm–neuron tissue circuit is essential for cold tolerance.</p>

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