Analysis of an Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Monitoring the Efficacy of Anti-Tuberculosis Chemotherapy

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  • Takayanagi Kiyoko
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Double-Barred Cross Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Aoki Misako
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Double-Barred Cross Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Aman Kumiko
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Double-Barred Cross Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Mitarai Satoshi
    Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Harada Nobuyuki
    Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Higuchi Kazue
    Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Okumura Masao
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Double-Barred Cross Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Yoshiyama Takashi
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Double-Barred Cross Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Ogata Hideo
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Double-Barred Cross Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
  • Mori Toru
    Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan

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<p>The reported effect of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release in response to specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens has been inconsistent. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the effect of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy on IFN-γ response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10. QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT-G) was performed, and the IFN-γ response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 were measured, for 50 people with culture-confirmed tuberculosis prior to initiating treatment and periodically for up to 120 weeks following initiation of said treatment. IFN-γ responses and bacteriological response were compared. The average IFN-γ response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 and the proportion of QFT-G results that were positive decreased during chemotherapy and for several weeks thereafter, reaching lows at weeks 48 to 56. Furthermore, these measures were lower at 48 weeks for those with bacteriological reversion prior to the second monthly visit than for those with slower reversion. Although it was shown that anti-tuberculosis treatment generally reduced the specific release of IFN-γ, the effect is so variable that it could be used as a monitor of progress of chemotherapy with great care and reservation.<tt> </tt></p>

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