A qualitative study of morphological reduction and phonological change in Japanese loanwords from English

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  • 英語からの借用語における形態素の振る舞い : 外来語辞典調査からの一考察
  • エイゴ カラ ノ シャクヨウゴ ニ オケル ケイタイソ ノ フルマイ : ガイライゴ ジテン チョウサ カラ ノ イチ コウサツ

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Abstract

This is a morpho-phonological study of Japanese loanwords from English focusing on morphological reduction and phonetical change occurring during the borrowing process. When complex words are borrowed, some of the loanwords undergo morphological reduction (measuring cup → mezyaa kappu) or phonological change (baked potato → beekudo poteto). Our goal is to provide a qualitative overview of the morphological reduction and phonological change observed in Japanese loanwords from English, and to reveal several factors relating to the phenomena. I analyze Japanese loanwords whose English donor words contain the following suffixes : -ing, -ed, -s (PL), and -'s (POSS), and demonstrate that several phonological and morphological factors including the spelling interact with one another. The data also shows that more recent loanwords tend to retain donor morphology, as pointed out by Irwin (2011). It should be noted that the phonological analyses suggested in the previous studies on loanwords including -s (PL) do not sufficiently explain the phenomena as a whole and that further research on each factor is necessary to reveal the borrowing process.

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