Association between household income and dietary changes in young children during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan from April to May 2020

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  • 世帯収入と新型コロナウイルス感染症緊急事態宣言期間における幼児の食事内容の変化との関連
  • セタイ シュウニュウ ト シンガタ コロナウイルス カンセンショウ キンキュウ ジタイ センゲン キカン ニ オケル ヨウジ ノ ショクジ ナイヨウ ノ ヘンカ ト ノ カンレン

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Abstract

<p>Objective: To determine the association between household income and changes in the diet of young children during the state of emergency declared in Japan due to COVID-19 from April to May 2020.</p><p>Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-completion questionnaire. We recruited 2,041 parents of children aged 3–5 years enrolled in nursery schools in five districts in Japan, from September to December 2020; 589 parents responded to the survey (response rate: 28.9%). Data were collected for basic demographic information, household income, and dietary changes in young children during the COVID-19 state of emergency. Income per household member was calculated and the households were divided into low-, medium-, and high-income groups. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using dietary changes in young children during the COVID-19 state of emergency as the dependent variable and household income as the independent variable.</p><p>Results: In the low-income group, there were numerous single-parent households as well as those whose education level was lower than high school. Compared to children in the high-income group, significantly more children in the low-income group consumed snacks, sweet drinks, instant foods, and canned foods in the emergency period.</p><p>Conclusion: The results suggest an association between household income and changes in the diet of young children during the emergency period. Households in the low-income group consumed snacks, sweet drinks, and instant foods than households in the high-income group during the emergency period.</p>

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