Spatial Disorientation and Its Implication of Vertigo and Vertigo-Induced Vomiting

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  • 空間識障害とめまい・嘔吐・自律神経症状
  • クウカンシキショウガイトメマイ ・ オウト ・ ジリツ シンケイ ショウジョウ

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Abstract

<p>Histamine H1 receptors are involved in the development of the symptoms and signs of motion sickness and vertigo-induced vomiting. In the development of motion sickness and vertigo-induced vomiting, a neural mismatch signal encoding spatial disorientation activates the histaminergic neuron system in the hypothalamus, and the histaminergic descending impulse stimulates H1 receptors in the emetic center of the brainstem. The histaminergic input to the emetic center through H1 receptors is independent of the dopaminergic emetic inputs through dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema or the serotoninergic emetic inputs through serotonin 5HT3 receptors in the visceral afferents. Antihistamines block the emetic H1 receptors to prevent motion sickness and vertigo-induced vomiting. Central post-synaptic H1, but not H2 or peripheral H1 receptors, play an important role in the development of motion sickness. Therefore, BBB-penetrating and sedating H1 receptor blockers, but not non-BBB-penetrating and non-sedating H1 receptor blockers or H2 receptor blockers, prevent motion sickness and vertigo-induced emesis.</p>

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