Removal of extraterritoriality of “Manchukuo” and overseas designated schools for Koreans

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  • 「満洲国」治外法権撤廃と朝鮮人在外指定学校
  • 「 マンシュウコク 」 チガイホウケン テッパイ ト チョウセンジン ザイガイ シテイ ガッコウ

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Overseas designated schools are Japanese schools established in foreign countries that are recognized by the Japanese government as equivalent to schools in the home country. This move paved the way for Koreans to proceed to higher educational institutions in Japan. This paper analyzes how the privilege of access to Japanese institutions of higher education was managed by the Japanese governing body in the context of the Kwang-myung Academy, the only overseas designated secondary school for Koreans. Accordingly, I focused on the abolition of extraterritoriality in Manchukuo in 1937, which changed the subject of the privilege. Kanto-Gun (Kwantung Army), which believed that the abolition of extraterritoriality was essential for the independence of Manchukuo, insisted that the overseas designation be lifted with the transfer of Kwang-myung Academy to Manchukuo. In response, the Consulate General in Kanto and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan opposed the transfer amid concerns that the Koreans would object to it, and demanded that the overseas designation be maintained, although it was not approved. In these circumstances, neither the Japanese Ministry of Education nor the Governor-General of Chōsen (Korea) attempted to intervene. They refrained from intervening in the issue since they wanted to avoid discussing the access of Koreans to Japanese higher educational institutions as a governance issue. Nevertheless, they did not dare to deny it as long as it was permitted as a system. Consequently, there was a steady stream of Koreans going to Japanese educational institutions.

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