Seasonal variability of Sea Surface Chlorophyll-a and Temperature around Java, Indonesia

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Variability of sea surface chlorophyll-a (SSC) around Java, Indonesia shows the similar pattern with that of sea surface temperature (SS1), that is, semi annual variation is dominant in the Java Sea, but in the Indian Ocean annual variation is dominant. In the Java Sea, SSC was high due to large river discharge and high net heat flux in May and November. In the southern coastal area of Java (Indian Ocean), the upwelling during the southeast monsoon was main factor causing the enrichment of surface water within this region. Upwelling in the southern coastal area of Java well corresponded to the southeast monsoon, where alongshore southeasterly wind was responsible for the sea surface Ekman transport causing upwelling within this region. Moreover upwelling within this region showed variability in both space and time. Upwelling in the eastern part was earlier than that in the western part due to the earlier development of easterly wind and the upwelling showed westward propagation. Northwesterly wind developed in October was suspected as a main factor in reducing the upwelling within this region.

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