Expectations for utilization of soil animals in upland farming.

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Other Title
  • 畑地の土壌動物のはたらきを追いかけて
  • 畑地の土壌動物のはたらきを追いかけて : 2021年度日本土壌動物学会賞受賞記念論文
  • ハタチ ノ ドジョウ ドウブツ ノ ハタラキ オ オイカケテ : 2021ネンド ニホン ドジョウ ドウブツ ガッカイショウ ジュショウ キネン ロンブン

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Description

Soil animals living in the soil of farmland are thought to have useful roles in agricultural production. Several experiments were conducted to demonstrate the utilization of soil animals on upland farming. Firstly, as they were expected to indicate physical and chemical soil properties, soil fauna was investigated under several kinds of soil management depending on the soil type, nitrogen source, and tillage. The number of earthworms and oribatid mites were positively correlated with the amount of soil aggregates and nitrate nitrogen concentration, respectively. These results suggested the richness of these animals could be used as indicators of good soil conditions for plant growth. Secondly, fungivorous soil invertebrates were thought to have possibilities to prevent plant disease by decreasing the density of phytopathogenic fungi. The fungivorous Collembola Folsomia hidakana Uchida & Tamura, introduced to the soil of experimental fields in greenhouse prevented damping-off disease in cabbage and Chinese cabbage caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. However, F. hidakana had no effect on the disease in a farmer’s seedling system in early summer, as the soil temperature of the seedling box reached above 30℃ which was the threshold for the Collembolan activity. The fungivorous oribatid mite, Scheloribates azumaensis Enami, Nakamura & Katsumata worked similarly effective to preventing the damping-off disease by the experiment limited to small pots in the laboratory. Thirdly, as soil animals were considered to affect the soil microflora, the influences of earthworm treatment and rice straw application on the soil microbial community structure were analyzed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results of the analysis showed that the microbial biomass obviously increased due to the worm’s presence when rice straw was incorporated, and that worm’s presence and the rice straw application affected the microbial community structure independently.

Journal

  • Edaphologia

    Edaphologia 111 (0), 7-15, 2022-07-25

    The Japanese Society of Soil Zoology

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