White and Gray Matter Abnormality in Burning Mouth Syndrome Evaluated with Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging

  • Kato Shimpei
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Kurokawa Ryo
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan
  • Suzuki Fumio
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Amemiya Shiori
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Shinozaki Takahiro
    Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
  • Takanezawa Daiki
    Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
  • Kohashi Ryutaro
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
  • Abe Osamu
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo

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<p>Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined by a burning sensation or pain in the tongue or other oral sites despite the presence of normal mucosa on inspection. Both psychiatric and neuroimaging investigations have examined BMS; however, there have been no analyses using the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model, which provides detailed information of intra- and extracellular microstructures. Therefore, we performed voxel-wise analyses using both NODDI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) models and compared the results to better comprehend the pathology of BMS.</p><p>Methods: Fourteen patients with BMS and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were prospectively scanned using a 3T-MRI machine using 2-shell diffusion imaging. Diffusion tensor metrics (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD], axial diffusivity [AD], and radial diffusivity [RD]) and neurite orientation and dispersion index metrics (intracellular volume fraction [ICVF], isotropic volume fraction [ISO], and orientation dispersion index [ODI]) were retrieved from diffusion MRI data. These data were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS).</p><p>Results: TBSS analysis showed that patients with BMS had significantly higher FA and ICVF and lower MD and RD than the healthy control subjects (family-wise error [FWE] corrected P < 0.05). Changes in ICVF, MD, and RD were observed in widespread white matter areas. Fairly small areas with different FA were included. GBSS analysis showed that patients with BMS had significantly higher ISO and lower MD and RD than the healthy control subjects (FWE-corrected P < 0.05), mainly limited to the amygdala.</p><p>Conclusion: The increased ICVF in the BMS group may represent myelination and/or astrocytic hypertrophy, and microstructural changes in the amygdala in GBSS analysis indicate the emotional-affective profile of BMS.</p>

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