Clause-final particles in Lan Hmyo

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  • 羅泊河ミャオ語の節末助詞について : ミャオ語文法ノート(9)
  • ラハクガワ ミャオゴ ノ セツマツ ジョシ ニ ツイテ : ミャオゴ ブンポウ ノート(9)

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[ABSTRACT] This paper provides a survey of clause-final particles in Lan Hmyo, a Hmongic language spoken in Guizhou, China. Lan Hmyo has several enclitic grammatical morphemes, which mostly express aspects or moods, and are placed after the object postition of sentences. This paper identifies five positions for these particles, designated by the number 1-5. In the first position appear two aspect particles: -loA ‘perfective’ and -ʦaB ‘specific’. In the second position appear three particles relating to the speaker’s cognition about the event desctibed: -jaA ‘negative’, -waC ‘event-contrastive’, and - χeɴA ‘irrealis’. In the third position appear three particles of subjective mood evaluating the sentence in the context: -teC ‘affirmative’, -(ðiB)siA ‘explanative’, and -mbeC ‘resignative’. In the forth and fifth positions appear particles manipulating relationship with the hearer: -liA ‘assertive’, -seB ‘exhortive’, -ʦoB ‘exhortive’, and -maɴA ‘appeasive’.

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