Triangulation of evidence: causal inference from observational studies

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  • エビデンスの三角測量：観察研究における因果推論のためのトライアンギュレーション

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The goal of many observational studies in epidemiology and clinical epidemiology is to establish and quantify the magnitude of exposures and risk factors that have a causal relationship to health and social factors. In epidemiology and statistics, the methodology used to establish causal relationships is generally referred to as causal inference. I introduce triangulation, which has been attracting a topic in recent years as a method of causal inference in observational studies. Triangulation is a method to strengthen causal inference by integrating research results obtained from several different statistical approaches. This paper provided an overview of triangulation in epidemiology, its relation to Mendelian randomization analysis in genetic epidemiology studies, examples of studies, and discusses future developments.

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