Microhabitat use by the endangered Itasenpara bitterling <i>Acheilognathus longipinnis</i> (Cyprinidae) during the spawning season in the Moo River, Toyama, Japan

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  • 富山県氷見市万尾川に生息する絶滅危惧種イタセンパラ<i>Acheilognathus longipinnis</i> の繁殖期における微生息場所利用
  • 富山県氷見市万尾川に生息する絶滅危惧種イタセンパラAcheilognathus longipinnisの繁殖期における微生息場所利用
  • トヤマケン ヒミシ マン ビガワ ニ セイソク スル ゼツメツ キグシュ イタセンパラ Acheilognathus longipinnis ノ ハンショクキ ニ オケル ビセイソク バショ リヨウ

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Abstract

<p>The Itasenpara bitterling Acheilognathus longipinnis is a small Japanese cyprinid fish distributed on plains in the Toyama, Noubi and Osaka regions. Because populations of the bitterling have been declining, the species has been recognized as “threatened” in the 2016 IUCN Red List and included as a critically endangered species in the Red List of Threatened Fishes, compiled by the Ministry of Environment of Japan. Because an understanding of the reproductive ecology of the species, especially spawning habitat, is essential for future conservation of Itasenpara bitterling, observations were conducted during the spawning season in the Moo River (Himi City, Toyama Prefecture, Japan), so as to clarify the utilisation of host mussels and determine the appropriate microhabitat for spawning. Many reproductive groups were found in both lotic and lentic environments. Whereas spawning individuals often selected microhabitats of water depth 200–300 mm and current velocity <25 mm/s, non-reproductive groups were found only in the lentic environment, where both school formation and feeding behaviour were observed. Feeding occurred mainly in microhabitats of water depth 500 mm and current velocity <25 mm/s. Thus, the observations indicated that Itasenpara bitterling in the Moo River require shallow and deeper water microhabitats as spawning and feeding grounds, respectively.</p>

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