Characteristics of flavonoids and coumarins in different types of lemon

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  • Miyake Yoshiaki
    Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University
  • Kanno Tomomi
    Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University

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  • レモン類が含有するフラボノイド、クマリン類の特徴
  • レモンルイ ガ ガンユウ スル フラボノイド 、 クマリンルイ ノ トクチョウ

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The characteristics of flavonoids and coumarins in ten types of lemon (Lemon, Pink-lemonade, Meyer lemon, Ogasawarashima lemon, Hachijyo fruit lemon, Alen-eureka lemon, Lisbon, Vilafranca, Sweet lemon, Ponderosa) were examined. Twelve flavonoids and seven coumarins from the peel and juice of the different lemon types were analyzed using HPLC, and the quantitative values were subjected to a multivariate statistics principal component analysis. The ten lemon types were separated into four (I ～ IV) categories, corresponding to genus-species in plant classification (Citrus limon, Citrus meyeri, Citrus limetta, Citrus pyriformis), based on the scatter diagram of the score plot from the principal component analysis. Lemon, Pink-lemonade, Alen-eureka lemon, Lisbon, and Vilafranca were in category I: C. limon. Meyer lemon, Ogasawara-shima lemon, and Hachijyo fruit lemon were in category II: C. meyeri. Sweet lemon (C. limetta) was in category III, and Ponderosa (C. pyriformis) was in category IV. The characteristic flavonoids in the lemon types of category I were eriocitrin, diosmin, 6,8-C-diglucosylapigenin, and 6,8-C-diglucosyldiosmetin. Those of category III were narirutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, and those of category IV were neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, and naringin. Coumarins were not found in the juices but were found in the peels. The characteristic coumarins in the category I lemon types were 8-geranyloxypsolaren, 5-geranyloxypsolaren (bergamottin), and 5-geranyloxy-7- methoxycoumarin. That of the category II lemon types was 7-methoxy-5-prenyloxycoumarin, and that of the category IV types was 7-geranyloxycoumarin (auraptene). The antioxidative activity for the peel extract of the category I lemon types was the highest activity of all categories (p < 0.05) suggesting a relationship to the eriocitrin and neoeriocitrin content.

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