Dietary Intake of Energy and Nutrients from Breakfast and Risk of Stroke in The Japanese Population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

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  • Okada Chika
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Imano Hironori
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Yamagishi Kazumasa
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Department of Public Health, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
  • Cui Renzhe
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Umesawa Mitsumasa
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Department of Public Health, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University
  • Maruyama Koutatsu
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University
  • Muraki Isao
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Hayama-Terada Mina
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Shimizu Yuji
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Sankai Tomoko
    Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
  • Okada Takeo
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Kiyama Masahiko
    Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Kitamura Akihiko
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
  • Iso Hiroyasu
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
  • for the CIRCS Investigators

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<p>Aims: The frequency of breakfast intake has been reported to be inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular events; however, it is uncertain what the impact of the energy and nutrient intakes from breakfast are. We assessed the association between these intakes from breakfast and the risk of stroke prospectively.</p><p>Methods: In a baseline survey of four Japanese communities between 1981 and 1990, we enrolled 3 248 residents (1 662 men and 1 586 women) aged 40–59 years who were free from stroke and heart disease and who responded to the 24-hour dietary recall survey. We assessed the dietary intake at breakfast, lunch, dinner, and other times separately.</p><p>Results: During the median 25-year follow-up, 230 individuals (147 men and 83 women) developed stroke. After adjustment for age, community, other dietary intakes, and lifestyle and physiological factors, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of intracerebral hemorrhage for the highest versus lowest quartiles of energy intake from breakfast were 0.38 (0.15–0.99) in men and 1.36 (0.36–5.10) in women. For the major nutrients, a higher saturated or monounsaturated fat intake at breakfast was associated with a reduced risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in men, and remained statistically significant after further adjustment for intake of other major nutrients from breakfast.</p><p>Conclusions: A higher intake of energy from breakfast, primarily saturated or monounsaturated fat, was associated with a reduced risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in Japanese men.</p>

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