Between Science and Technology Policy and University Financing

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  • 科学技術政策と大学財政
  • カガク ギジュツ セイサク ト ダイガク ザイセイ

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Abstract

<p>　 Almost all research projects at university level are financially supported by the government. What links the government’s science and technology policy to university finances is the science funding system. This paper aims to investigate how the science funding system influences university financing, management and research.</p><p>　 There is currently a skewed distribution of public research funds among national universities in Japan, resulting from a series of policy changes carried out since 1996. In the early stages, the funding system did no more than manage the total amount comprised in the General University Funds, which were succeeded by the expanding Direct Government Funds. The recent transformation of science and technology policy, which has come to put more emphasis on socio-economic outcomes, has resulted in diversification of funding mechanisms, including mission-oriented project funding and center-of-excellence funding. The changes in the funding system have in turn affected not only the level of national research performance but also individual and institutional behaviors, causing various difficulties in the governance of public research.</p>

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