Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) Intervention for Hikikomori with Autistic Spectrum Disorder : Two Case Studies

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  • 自閉症スペクトラム障害特性を背景にもつ社会的ひきこもりへ : CRAFT(Community Reinforcement and Family Training)を参考に介入した2事例

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Abstract

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan defines hikikomori as individuals who refuse to leave their parents' house and isolate themselves from society in their homes for a period exceeding 6 months. The Research Group of the Ministry has classified hikikomori into 3 categories according to associated factors: individuals with psychoses, those with developmental disabilities, and those with personality problems. The Research Group has also proposed strategies for treating those in each category, and recommended Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) particularly for hikikomori who not want to enter treatment. However, currently, few articles have examined the application of CRAFT to hikikomori. The literature points out the importance of combining CRAFT with approaches for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) for hikikomori who have autistic spectrum disorder. The present article reports results from an intervention with 2 individuals identified as hikikomori with autistic spectrum disorder; they improved after receiving CRAFT. The possible application of CRAFT to hikikomori with autistic spectrum disorder is discussed.

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