小学校高学年の日常生活に関わる意思決定スキル尺度の開発

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  • Developing a Scale of Decision-Making Skills in Everyday Life for Upper Grades of Elementary Schools
  • ショウガッコウ コウガクネン ノ ニチジョウ セイカツ ニ カカワル イシ ケッテイ スキル シャクド ノ カイハツ

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説明

<p>Background: The importance to develop decision-making skills of children has been emphasized. However, the actual situation of the skills is not yet clear in Japan.</p><p>Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop a scale of decision-making skills for upper grades of elementary schools.</p><p>Methods: First, 110 children in the 5th and 6th grades in Hyogo prefecture participated in the free descriptive survey, and 10 children in the 5th and 6th grades in Kyoto prefecture participated in the focus group interview（FGI）to grasp the situation of children’s decision-making in everyday life. Based on these results and contents of previous research on decision making, a draft of the scale was prepared.</p><p>Second, 114 children in the 5th and 6th grades in Aichi prefecture and Okayama prefecture participated in a preliminary survey, and 761 children in the 5th and 6th grades in 8 prefectures participated in a questionnaire survey. Furthermore, reliability and validity of the scale were examined.</p><p>Results: The results were as follows.</p><p>1) As a result of free description and FGI survey, situations of decision-making in everyday life were organized in “at school” (3 categories) and “at home” (13 categories). The decision-making process was organized into “individual process” and “cooperative process.” Furthermore, the decision-making process included components such as “decision-making background, ” “thoughtful process,” “intuitive process,” “belief process,” and “evaluation of the results.</p><p>2) Three factors for the decision-making skills were extracted through exploratory factor analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey: “forecast of decision-making” (12 items), “reflection of decision-making” (3 items）, and “intuition of decision-making” (3 items).</p><p>3) The factors of decision-making skills scale showed an adequate level of α-scores (α=0.69-0.88). The results of confirmatory factor analyses for both basic and applied factorial structures showed a high level of the goodness of fit scores (GFI=0.94, AGFI=0.92, CFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.05).</p><p>4) Concurrent validity was confirmed by analysis of the relationship with decision-making behaviors and relevant scales such as self-regulation.</p><p>5) As a result of a two-way factor analysis of variance by sex and grade of the decision-making skills scale, the score of girls was significantly higher than boys in “decision-making prospect,” “reflection on the decision-making,” and “total decision-making skills, ”respectively. Moreover, the score of 6th graders was significantly higher than that of 5th graders in “forecast of decision-making.”</p><p>Conclusion: The decision-making scale showed adequate reliability and validity. Therefore, it can be used as a measure of the abilities of upper graders in elementary schools.</p>

収録刊行物

  • 学校保健研究

    学校保健研究 61 (2), 96-105, 2019-06-20

    一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

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