社会的環境管理能力の形成と制度変化

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  • Development of Social Capacity for Environmental Management and Institutional Change
  • シャカイテキ カンキョウ カンリ ノウリョク ノ ケイセイ ト セイド ヘンカ

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<p>This article gives qualitative analysis of the development of Social Capacity for Environmental Management (SCEM). SCEM is defined as capacity to manage environmental problems in a social system composed of three social actors'—i.e., government, firms and citizens—and their interrelationships. Each actor's capacity depends on three fundamental factors: (1) policy, (2) human/organizational resources, and (3) knowledge, technology and information. The SCEM concept stems from capacity development discourse of international organizations such as UNDP and OECD, to achieve sustainable development.</p><p>Capacity is co-related with institutions, and SCEM can be understood in the dynamism of capacity development process and institutional change Each episode in institutional change defines unique stages for SCEM, which have consequent effects on relations between social actors in terms of environmental management. This process was developed as “SCEM Development Model”.</p><p>Analyzed from this viewpoint, development of SCEM is hypothesized to be in three stages: System-making stage, System-working stage, and Self-management stage. We call environmental management system that observes such development stages Social Environmental Management System (SEMS). This 3-stage approach is called “SEMS 3-stage Development Model”.</p><p>The authors integrate the above two models to make clear the interrelationships between SCEM, SEMS and institutional change. Using the integrated model, the authors conduct qualitative analysis of dust and SOx pollution control policy of Ube City, Yamaguchi. There is apparent difference in institutions between the control policies for the two pollutants. The analysis shows the dynamism of formal and informal institutional changes and SCEM development in the transition process from dust control institutions to SOx control institutions.</p>

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