Habitat use by Japanese macaques (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>) in the Satoyama rural area in Nakatosa, Kochi Prefecture

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  • 自動撮影装置を用いた里山におけるニホンザルの環境利用の評価：高知県中土佐町の事例
  • ジドウ サツエイ ソウチ オ モチイタ サトヤマ ニ オケル ニホンザル ノ カンキョウ リヨウ ノ ヒョウカ : コウチケン ナカトサマチ ノ ジレイ

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Abstract

<p>Crop damage by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) is a frequently occurring problem in Japanese agriculture. The traditional rural landscape “Satoyama” comprises a mixture of farmlands and forests, where macaques and humans coexist. We used camera traps to examine macaque habitat use in Satoyama regarding differences between vegetation types and over time. Macaques were monitored using eight camera traps with infrared sensors, which were set up on an abandoned fruit farms, in a Castanopsis–Quercus secondary forest (here termed ‘secondary forest’), on a Cryptomeria–Chamaecyparis plantation (termed ‘plantation’), and in a bamboo forest. The abandoned fruit farm and the bamboo forest were used as foraging sites. The abandoned fruit farm was predominantly used in the morning, and macaques fed on leaves and fruits. The bamboo forest was more likely to be frequented in the afternoon, and there, macaques fed on crabs and frogs collected from a local stream and on fruits carried from the abandoned fruit farm. Adult macaques were predominantly observed on the abandoned fruit farm and in the bamboo forest, whereas subadult individuals occurred more frequently in the secondary forest and on the plantation surrounding the abandoned fruit farm and the bamboo forest. These results suggest that the spatial structure of plant community is an important factor regarding habitat choice by Japanese macaques in Satoyama.</p>

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