Size Matters: Ultra-small and Filterable Microorganisms in the Environment
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- Nakai Ryosuke
- Applied Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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<p>Ultra-small microorganisms are ubiquitous in Earth’s environments. Ultramicrobacteria, which are defined as having a cell volume of <0.1 μm3, are often numerically dominant in aqueous environments. Cultivated representatives among these bacteria, such as members of the marine SAR11 clade (e.g., “Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique”) and freshwater Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, possess highly streamlined, small genomes and unique ecophysiological traits. Many ultramicrobacteria may pass through a 0.2-μm-pore-sized filter, which is commonly used for filter sterilization in various fields and processes. Cultivation efforts focusing on filterable small microorganisms revealed that filtered fractions contained not only ultramicrocells (i.e., miniaturized cells because of external factors) and ultramicrobacteria, but also slender filamentous bacteria sometimes with pleomorphic cells, including a special reference to members of Oligoflexia, the eighth class of the phylum Proteobacteria. Furthermore, the advent of culture-independent “omics” approaches to filterable microorganisms yielded the existence of candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria (also referred to as “Ca. Patescibacteria”) and ultra-small members of DPANN (an acronym of the names of the first phyla included in this superphyla) archaea. Notably, certain groups in CPR and DPANN are predicted to have minimal or few biosynthetic capacities, as reflected by their extremely small genome sizes, or possess no known function. Therefore, filtered fractions contain a greater variety and complexity of microorganisms than previously expected. This review summarizes the broad diversity of overlooked filterable agents remaining in “sterile” (<0.2-μm filtered) environmental samples.</p>
収録刊行物
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- Microbes and environments
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Microbes and environments 35 (2), n/a-, 2020
日本微生物生態学会 / 日本土壌微生物学会 / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / 植物微生物研究会 / 極限環境微生物学会
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詳細情報 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1390566775138718720
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- NII論文ID
- 130007851660
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- NII書誌ID
- AA11551577
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- ISSN
- 13474405
- 13426311
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- NDL書誌ID
- 030475403
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- PubMed
- 32493880
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- 本文言語コード
- en
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- データソース種別
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- JaLC
- NDL
- Crossref
- PubMed
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