Distribution and Cultivation Practices of <i>Capsicum pubescens</i> on the Islands of Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi, Indonesia

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  • Distribution and Cultivation Practices of Capsicum pubescens on the Islands of Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Abstract

Capsicum pubescens originated in mid-elevation Bolivia and is still primarily cultivated in South and Central America, although its cultivation was recently confirmed in highlands on the island of Java, Indonesia. However, its distribution and local cultivation practices elsewhere in Indonesia are unknown. To address this, we conducted field and market surveys of C. pubescens on the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi and confirmed its distribution in the highlands of West Sumatra and South Sulawesi provinces. It seems that C. pubescens was introduced to West Sumatra Province at least 50-80 years ago. Moreover, in the province of Central Java, we found a new phenotype of C. pubescens characterized by a yellow fruit. The white flower type of C. pubescens was only observed in West and Central Java. There was no evidence of C. pubescens in North Sumatra and North Sulawesi provinces, despite the highlands being seemingly suitable for its growth. Fields of C. pubescens were numerous and large in West and Central Java provinces, while it was cultivated in middle- and small-scale farms or in home gardens in East Java, West Sumatra, and South Sulawesi provinces. Cultivation methods did not differ greatly between large and small farming operations, except in terms of fertilization, fruit harvesting, and pesticide application. We believe that C. pubescens was first introduced to Indonesia in West Java, which remains the center of its cultivation and diversity.

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