Minimal Genomes: How Many Genes Does a Cell Require To Be Viable

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  • BABA Tomoya
    Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genomics (NIG)
  • KAKIZAWA Shigeyuki
    Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
  • MORI Hiroshi
    Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genomics (NIG)
  • KURUMA Yutetsu
    Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology JST, PRESTO
  • KUROKAWA Ken
    Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genomics (NIG)
  • OSHIMA Taku
    Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 最小ゲノム
  • 最小ゲノム : 細胞が生きるために必要な遺伝子数はいくつか
  • サイショウ ゲノム : サイボウ ガ イキル タメニ ヒツヨウ ナ イデンシスウ ワ イクツカ
  • —細胞が生きるために必要な遺伝子数はいくつか—

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Abstract

<p> Estimating the “minimal gene set” for a cell to be viable is an important issue in understanding “living” cells, creating “artificial” cells, and revealing “ancient” cells. The minimal gene set is critical information for understanding a cell system and designing an artificial genome, which is an essential element for creating an artificial cell. Artificial cells can provide many clues to understanding primordial life on Earth. To reveal minimal gene sets, “essential genes” in many bacteria, which could not be removed from bacterial genomes, have been identified. Bacteria are the most useful organisms for identifying essential genes from their specific characteristics: small genomes, rapid growth, and species that are easy to manipulate genetically. Therefore, various investigations on minimal gene sets or minimal genome of bacteria are reviewed, and “the minimal gene set for a viable cell” is discussed.</p>

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