Discourse Formation and Characteristics of Self-reliance in Japan’s Public Assistance System: Focusing on Actors that Constituted the “Council of Social Security System” in the 1940s and 1950s

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  • KARIYA Takashi
    一橋大学大学院社会学研究科（博士後期課程）

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  • 日本の生活保護制度における「自立」言説の再検討――1940～1950年代の「社会保障制度審議会」を構成したアクターの言説を中心とする――
  • ニホン ノ セイカツ ホゴ セイド ニ オケル 「 ジリツ 」 ゲンセツ ノ サイケントウ : 1940~1950ネンダイ ノ 「 シャカイ ホショウ セイド シンギカイ 」 オ コウセイ シタ アクター ノ ゲンセツ オ チュウシン ト スル

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Abstract

<p>In this paper, discourse formation and characteristics of self-reliance in Japan’s public assistance system in the 1940s and 1950s were examined. Three types of self-reliance were revealed. The first type of self-reliance refers to meaning that operates in the labor market and realizes financial self-help. The second type of self-reliance is related to performing an activity in the labor market or in social welfare facilities and asserts that it is imperative for individuals to be integrated into such places. The third type means that individuals have the freedom to perform various activities and it is viewed in conjunction with the advocacy of enhancing income security as an option to guarantee these activities. Based on the discourse analysis, we revealed that ambiguity is a characteristic of self-reliance. In addition, we proposed the following hypotheses: first, there was a historical development of the idea of self-reliance, which was grounded in the perceptions of each actor, and second, the establishment of welfare policies depended on the interrelationships between these actors.</p>

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