Immunological evaluation and clinical aspects of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection

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ABSTRACT To determine the ability of immunological response to human cytomegalovirus (CMV), the flow cytometric assay was evaluated as a tool for real-time monitoring of specific cellular immunity in children with congenital CMV infection. Longitudinal cohort study of 2 children with asymptomatic and 2 with symptomatic congenital CMV infection evaluated at birth and followed up with serial age-appropriate neurodevelopmental testing. Frequencies of CMV-specific CD4+ T cell in these children were detected by intracellular cytokines (ICC), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, staining. Findings detected by CT and MRI were the most sensitive predictor for neurodevelopmental prognosis. Frequencies of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells detected by ICC, both IFN-γ and TNF-α, were higher in 2 children with symptomatic congenital CMV infection than those in 2 children with asymptomatic congenital infection. Frequencies of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells in 2 children with symptomatic congenital infection were significantly higher than those in 6 healthy children of 1 to 5-years of age with serum anti-CMV IgG antibody without serum anti-CMV IgM antibody and viral excretion in to urine (p < 0.01). The ICC assay reflects immunological activity against CMV infection in children with asymptomatic or symptomatic congenial infection. Categorizing findings obtained by the ICC assay may helps to determine the prognosis of children with congenital CMV infection.

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