台湾のコチョウラン生産におけるハイテク導入の影響 : グローバル化農業生産システムの検討

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タイトル別名
  • The Impact of the Introduction of High-technology on the Production of Orchid(Phalaenopsis) in Taiwan : Prospects for the Globalization of Agricultural Production Systems
  • タイワン ノ コチョウラン セイサン ニ オケル ハイテク ドウニュウ ノ エイキョウ グローバルカ ノウギョウ セイサン システム ノ ケントウ

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抄録

Although it is said that the production system of ornamental flower industry in developing countries was still at a rudimentary stage, a new production system which uses high-technology has been developed. This paper analyzes the actual conditions and changes brought about with the introduction of high-technology including biotechnology in the production of orchid (Phalaenopsis) in Taiwan. It also focuses on the production form and system. The analysis of the production system revealed that biotechnology was introduced in the area of breeding and seedling raising. As a result, diversification of new kinds of breed variety was attained and there was reduction in the seedling raising period needed to achieve industrialization. In addition, the automation and rationalization of seedling raising management were attained by this newly introduced high-technology. By such technical innovation, "a cultivation system with which a seedling in a pot is relayed to the appropriate place and raised" called relay cultivation became possible. Furthermore, the division-of-work system of production became possible by the relay cultivation, and the farm yield in large quantities in a particular location was attained. Division-of-work system was carried out through relay cultivation. Two production forms, namely, a "large-scale cultivation company type" and a "domestic division-of-work type", emerged as a result of this relay cultivation in Taiwan. It was also observed that the relay cultivation established a new overseas production system. Movement of seedling due to its increased growth was carried out between Taiwan, mainland China, Japan, and the West, and the organization which ships Orchid flower goods to the international market was set up. Although there was added value, not only in new market varieties, but the Phalaenopsis production which previously could not be mass-produced was now made possible through the introduction of this technology. This new production form brought new employment opportunities to Taiwan. Moreover, this experience of Phalaenopsis cultivation of Taiwan could be replicated in the same form for the other crops thereby leading to the rapid industrialization of Asia based on Global Value Chain. And this production system needs a new strategy for the producer and the farm operator. The lessons from this Orchid cultivation clearly demonstrate the necessity of making production systems with a global perspective in mind.

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