<Article>Discussions on the introduction of Studium generale in Post-WWII Occupied-Germany : Enquiry into the Societal Mission of the University

SHIBATA Masako

doi:10.15068/00159584

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<論文>第二次世界大戦後の占領下ドイツにおけるストゥディウム・ゲネラーレ（Studium generale）導入の試み：大学の社会的使命についての考察
第二次世界大戦後の占領下ドイツにおけるストゥディウム・ゲネラーレ(Studium generale)導入の試み : 大学の社会的使命についての考察
ダイニジセカイタイセンゴノセンリョウカドイツニオケルストゥディウム・ゲネラーレ(Studium generale)ドウニュウノココロミ : ダイガクノシャカイテキシメイニツイテノコウサツ

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the processes in which the introduction of Studium generale, literally translated in English to ‘general education’, was attempted in Germany under the Allied military occupation between 1945 and 1949. It also explores the ideas of the Allies, especially the United States, for this introduction of post-war Germany. This American attempt was meant to be part of their education reform in Germany, whose purpose was to re-educate the Germans in the post-Nazi era. The paper thus focuses geographically on Bavaria, Wurttemberg-Baden, Greater Hesse, Bremen Enclave, and the American Sector of Berlin where the Office of Military Government of U. S. for Germany (OMGUS) was in charge of control. Unlike occupied Japan (1945-1952) or Soviet-occupied Germany where rapid changes were brought in the education system by the Allied occupation authorities, the development of education reforms was stagnant in the U. S. Zone of occupied Germany. There, except for denazification, i.e. a large-scale screening project to find former Nazis, changes in German society as well as its education were far slow than in Japan and the eastern part of Germany. Considering the fact, this attempt of a renewed introduction of Studium generale in German higher education was a remarkable change. Special attention is paid to following two points. Firstly, it explores how the United Sates occupation authorities understood the actual penetration of Nazism in German university and the students. This is important because, as mentioned above, this reform attempt was part of the project of getting rid of Nazism in all aspects of German society. Secondly, it tries to analyse how the Americans’ understanding influenced their overall proposal for reforming German education.

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国際日本研究

国際日本研究 12 63-74, 2020

Master's and Doctoral Program in International and Advanced Japanese Studies, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba

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