女性医師のパイオニア、岡見京と吉岡彌生 ─海外留学による医師資格取得と、機関養成としての女医学校設立─

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  • The Pioneer Women for Obtaining Medical Doctor's Licenses: Kei Okami and Yayoi Yoshioka

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After the Meiji Restoration the Japanese government started to establish a modern system of bureaucracy and an education system. Also it organised the system for professional qualifications, such as lawyers and medical doctors. The government at first shut women out from these specialised professions. However, some women’s activities enabled them to obtain professional licenses, particularly to become medical doctors. Kei Okami entered the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, USA, in 1885 and graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in 1889, becoming the first Japanese female to obtain a degree in Western medicine from a Western college. After returning to Japan, she was registered as a certified doctor in 1890, and became the head of gynaecology at Jikeikai Hospital. In 1900, Yayoi Yoshioka, Japan’s 27th female doctor after Ginko Ogino, applied to the Governor of Tokyo for accreditation to establish the private Tokyo Women’s Medical School. The school was promoted to a medical college in 1904, and graduated about 700 female medical doctors from 1908 to 1933. The aim of this article is to discuss how to build up women’s status as professions such as medical doctors.

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