未知の動物に対する幼児の実在性判断に与える情報提供者の権威の影響

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The effect of the authority of informants on children's inference about the existence of novel animals
  • ミチ ノ ドウブツ ニ タイスル ヨウジ ノ ジツザイセイ ハンダン ニ アタエル ジョウホウ テイキョウシャ ノ ケンイ ノ エイキョウ

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説明

Young children are exposed to a wealth of new information on a daily basis. A principal source of information is the testimonies of other people. There are times when other people carelessly make false testimonies and sometimes when they even do so intentionally. As such, young children must exercise selective trust in the testimonies of particular people. This study examined whether young children trusted the testimonies of a kindergarten principal, an authority figure, when they inferenced the existence of novel animals. Five- and six-year-olds participated in the study. We first explained to the children that the principal and class teacher of a fictitious kindergarten were in disagreement about the existence of eight novel animals. We subsequently asked the children to judge whether these eight animals exist. Lastly, we asked them who among the principal and teacher is an authority figure. The results showed that all the six-year-olds selected the principal as the authority figure and this proportion was significantly higher than that of the five-year-olds. Moreover, the children who viewed the principal as the authority figure were more likely to trust the principal's testimonies when they were judging the existence of the novel animals. The results of this study suggest that children's understanding of authority develops from around the age of six, leading them to selectively trust the testimonies of authority figures.

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