Characteristics of Exploratory Eye Movements in Individuals with Attenuated Psychotic Syndrome

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type:TOHO University Scholarly Publication

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Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia experience significant trouble with various symptoms and disabilities. Early detection and intervention are important to prevent such difficulties. We focused our attention on patients' exploratory eye movements (EEMs) as one of the physiological markers for early detection. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the EEMs in patients with attenuated psychotic syndrome (APS). Methods: We recruited 30 healthy controls, 25 patients with no family history of psychosis who were diagnosed as having APS, and 25 patients with schizophrenia. We performed the EEM test for all the participants, and four parameters were documented: number of eye fixations (NEF), total eye scanning length (TESL), mean eye scanning length (MESL), and responsive search score (RSS). Results: Of the four parameters, NEF, TESL, and RSS were significantly lower in the APS and schizophrenia groups than in the healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences in these three parameters between the APS and schizophrenia groups. The percentages of patients suspected as having schizophrenia using a discriminant function in the healthy control, APS, and schizophrenia groups were 13%, 56%, and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: The characteristics of EEMs in APS were similar to those in schizophrenia. Individuals with APS did not have a family history; however, some ultra-high-risk individuals detected only with psychopathology may include risks associated with genetic factors, even though they do not have any obvious psychotic features yet. The EEM test seems useful in detecting individuals with APS and early schizophrenia.

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