冗談関係にあるもののあいだでかわされる冗談 : 北部カメルーン・フルベ族の場合

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  • The Expression of Joking Relationships among the Fulbe of Northern Cameroon
  • ジョウダン カンケイ ニ アル モノ ノ アイダ デ カ ワサレル ジョウダン

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There are two kinds of joking relationship among the Fulbe ofNorthern Cameroon: 1) between cross cousins, and 2) between theFulbe and the Kanuri. The partners in the joking relationship exchangeabuse, insults, and all kinds of bad words which are much stronger thanordinary 'jokes.' They employ such terms as "slave," "cannibal," etc.These expressions have very negative connotations in Fulbe society. Inother words, the use of these abnormal words confirms the special relationship.The abusive expressions are sometimes accompanied by ritualviolence and ritual theft. The linguistic expressions are strengthened bythese performances.The joking between cross cousins and that between the Fulbe andthe Kanuri are similar. The establishment of the inter-ethnic joking relationshipfollowed the cross cousin joking relationship.We can assume that the Fulbe stayed among the Kanuri in Bornu, asan ethnic minority, or as visitors. During that period, the Fulbe had toendure many difficulties, including jeers and insults from the majorityKanuri. Because of a difference of occupation, the two peoples did notfight with each other. They avoided war, and chose to exist as partnersin a joking relationship. In other words, they accepted abusive expressions,and ritual violence and theft, in exchange for peaceful coexistence.Even now, there are many Kanuri expressions with which theKanuri ridicule the Fulbe.The joking is performed between typical Fulbe and typicalKanuri. But through inter-ethnic marriages, the distinctive physicalfeatures of the two peoples are disappearing. Thus, the joking maintainedbetween the Fulbe and the Kanuri can be expected to disappear in thenear future.

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